ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CITIZENSHIP in 2023

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Citizenship

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citizenship BASICS

What's Citizenship?

Citizenship means that you can live and work in a country, own property there, and travel with the country’s passport.

Being a citizen means you have legal status in a country.

Typically, you can vote, have access to social support, and can even hold public office.

CITIZENSHIP...

How Does Citizenship Work?

Citizenship is a national identity.

Being a citizen of a country means that the country’s government officially recognises you as having the same rights and privileges as any other native of that country.

ROUTES TO CITIZENSHIP

What Are the Different Types of Citizenship?

From naturalization to citizenship by investment – you can gain citizenship in a number of ways.

Each country has its own regulations relating to citizenship, but the most common pathways to citizenship in most countries are listed below.

What's the difference?

Dual vs Second Citizenship

It’s possible to have citizenship of multiple countries, if each respective country allows citizenship of another country.

Citizenships can be either dual or secondary citizenships – it’s worth understanding the differences.

What’s Dual Citizenship?

Dual citizenship allows you to live in any of your countries of citizenship, but you can only be made to pay taxes and serve in the military in one of the countries. Dual citizenship is only possible if your countries of citizenship have an official agreement allowing dual citizenship.

What’s Second Citizenship?

Second citizenship is a form of citizenship where the government of each country assumes that you're a citizen of only that country. In other words, your tax or social obligations to another country of citizenship won't be considered by whichever country you're living in.

UNDERSTANDING DUAL CITIZENSHIP

What Are the Benefits of Dual Citizenship?

Dual citizens – or bipatrides – are able to enjoy the advantages and privileges of each country in which they’re a citizen.

Security

Having dual citizenship means that you can easily choose to live and work in one country of citizenship if your other country of citizenship becomes unsafe or unstable.

Global Mobility

Having more than one passport significantly expands your global travel possibilities.

Business

Professionals and entrepreneurs with dual citizenship can pursue international business opportunities without the added legwork of acquiring work visas in their second (or third) country of citizenship.

Tax Optimization

With dual citizenship, you'll only be taxed in the country where you're earning a living.

Quality of Life

As a bipatride, you and your family have access to healthcare, education and social benefits in multiple countries.

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DUAL CITIZENSHIP PATHWAYS

How Do I Get Dual Citizenship?

You can get dual citizenship through birth, naturalization, marriage or investment – as long as the countries in which you have the dual citizenship(s) have an official agreement allowing dual citizenships.

Birth

Certain countries will grant you citizenship if you can prove that your parents were born there.

Naturalization

Naturalization allows residents of a country to become citizens of that country, typically after they've lived and worked in that country for a stipulated number of years.

Marriage

One of the quickest ways to get citizenship in some countries is by marrying a citizen of that country.

Investment

Some countries offer a pathway to citizenship if you're able to invest in the country in some way.

61 COUNTRIES currently ALLOW DUAL CITIZENSHIP

Which Countries Recognize Dual Citizenship?

Albania	Canada	Israel	Philippines	United States
Algeria	Chile	Italy	Poland	Vanuatu
Angola	Costa Rica	Jamaica	Portugal
Antigua & Barbuda	Croatia	Kosovo	Romania
Argentina	Cyprus	Latvia	Russia
Armenia	Czech Republic	Luxembourg	Serbia
Australia	Denmark	Malawi	Slovenia
Bangladesh	Egypt	Malta	South Africa
Barbados	Finland	Mexico	South Korea**
Belgium	France	New Zealand	Spain
Belize	Germany**	Nigeria	Sweden
Benin	Greece	Norway	Switzerland
Bolivia	Hungary	Pakistan	Syria
Brazil	Iceland	Panama**	Turkey
Bulgaria**	Ireland	Peru	United Kingdom

** These countries allow dual citizenship under certain circumstances.

application process

How Do I Apply for Dual Citizenship?

The process to apply for dual citizenship will vary slightly from country to country.

Depending on the country in which you’re applying for dual citizenship, the implications of holding that dual citizenship may also vary.

It’s wise to get expert advice when considering applying for another citizenship.

Understanding Second Citizenship

What Are the Benefits of Second Citizenship?

The benefits of having second citizenship include having the freedom to live, work and travel in multiple countries. What an advantage!

Visa-Free Travel

Having second citizenship can open up visa-free (or visa-on-arrival) travel in a variety of countries.

Getting a US Visa Becomes Easier

Depending on the second citizenship you hold, it can ease your pathway to obtaining a US visa.

International Access to Education, Work & Healthcare

A second citizenship gives you and your dependents access to the opportunities and social support available to natives of that country.

Possible Tax Benefits

Depending on the country in which you hold your second citizenship, there could be ways to reduce your tax liabilities.

Professional Benefits

Business opportunities abound for professionals and entrepreneurs able to live and work freely in multiple countries.

Ability to Move to Another State

Certain countries are members of greater diplomatic regions, which allows their citizens to travel freely between and live in other member states of the region.

Second Citizenship Pathways

How Do I Get Second Citizenship?

You can get a second citizenship through birth (or descent), naturalization, marriage or investment.

COUNTRIES THAT CURRENTLY ALLOW SECOND CITIZENSHIP

Which Countries Recognize Second Citizenship?

Albania	Cote d’Ivoire	Italy	Norway	Sri Lanka
Algeria	Croatia	Jamaica	Pakistan**	Sudan
Angola	Cyprus	Jordan	Palau	Sweden
Antigua & Barbuda	Czech Republic	Kenya	Panama**	Switzerland
Argentina	Denmark	Kosovo	Papua New Guinea	Syria
Armenia	Djibouti	Kyrgyzstan	Paraguay	Taiwan
Australia	Dominica	Laos	Peru	Tajikistan
Austria**	Dominican Republic	Latvia	Philippines	Thailand
Bangladesh	Ecuador	Lebanon	Poland	The Gambia
Barbados	Egypt	Lesotho**	Portugal	Timor-Leste
Belgium	El Salvador**	Liberia**	Republic of Congo	Tonga
Belize	Equatorial Guinea**	Lithuania	Romania	Trinidad and Tobago
Benin	Fiji	Luxembourg	Russia	Tunisia
Bolivia	Finland	Macau	Saint Kitts and Nevis	Turkey
Bosnia & Herzegovina	France	Madagascar**	Saint Lucia	Uganda
Botswana**	Georgia**	Malawi	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	United Kingdom
Brazil	Germany**	Mali	Samoa (American)	United States
Brunei**	Ghana	Malta	Samoa (WS)	Uruguay
Bulgaria**	Greece	Mauritius	Scotland	Vanuatu
Burkina Faso	Grenada	Mexico	Serbia	Vatican City
Burundi	Guatemala	Micronesia**	Seychelles	Venezuela
Cabo Verde	Guinea-Bissau	Moldova**	Sierra Leone	Yemen
Cambodia	Haiti	Montenegro	Slovakia**	Zambia
Cameroon**	Honduras	Morocco	Slovenia	Zimbabwe
Canada	Hong Kong	Namibia**	Solomon Islands**	Mali
Central African Republic**	Hungary	Nauru**	Somalia	Kyrgyzstan
Chile	Iceland	New Zealand	South Africa	South Sudan
Colombia	Iraq	Nicaragua**	South Korea**
Comoro Islands	Ireland	Niger**	South Sudan
Costa Rica	Israel	Nigeria**	Spain

** These countries allow second citizenship under certain circumstances.

COUNTRIES THAT CURRENTLY ALLOW SECOND CITIZENSHIP

Which Countries Recognize Second Citizenship?

Citizenship

Residency

Citizenship

European

Caribbean

Middle Eastern

European

Caribbean

Middle Eastern

Residency

European

American

Asian & Pacific

African

Middle Eastern

European

American

Asian & Pacific

African

Middle Eastern

APPLICATION PROCESS

How Do I Apply for Second Citizenship?

Applying for a second citizenship will vary slightly from country to country.

To reap the most benefit out of having multiple passports, speak to one of our expert advisors before applying.

Citizenship by Investment (CBI)

What's Citizenship by Investment?

Citizenship by investment can be one of the easiest ways to obtain citizenship in another country.

Citizenship by investment is a pathway to obtaining a new citizenship by making a capital contribution in a country.

If you’re able to invest in a country that allows citizenship through investment, it can fast-track your progress to obtaining a new or additional nationality.

Investment pathways

How Can I Get Citizenship by Investment?

There are a number of ways to invest in a country – some more direct than others.

The main ways to get citizenship by investment include:

What’s Grenada Citizenship & How Does It Work?

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How Can I Get Grenada Citizenship by Investment?

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FAQ

Common Questions About Citizenship

Do Countries Allow Triple Citizenship?

Yes, some countries allow triple citizenship.

How Long Does It Take to Process a Dual Citizenship Application?

Processing of a dual citizenship application can vary in duration.

It depends on a number of factors, including the country in which you’re applying.

Do You Need a Visa to Travel if You Have Second Citizenship?

No, you won’t need a visa to travel within the country or region in which your second citizenship is held.

What Are the Different Ways You Can Get Citizenship?

You can get citizenship through descent, naturalization, marriage, or investment.

Why Do People Invest in a Second Citizenship?

People invest in a second citizenship mainly to access the benefits associated with the additional nationality.

What’s the History of Obtaining Multiple Citizenships?

The history of multiple citizenships began in the late 1800’s.

Although multiple citizenships were often a contentious issue, by the late 1900’s, they largely began to be accepted again.

In Conclusion

Citizenship gives you legal access to all the benefits and privileges available to a recognized citizen of a country.

It’s possible to hold multiple citizenships in the form of dual or secondary citizenships.

You can apply for dual or secondary citizenship of a country by descent, naturalization, marriage, or investment.

Citizenship by investment tends to be the fastest route to obtaining additional citizenship.

We trust you’ve found our Citizenships guide and articles helpful – happy reading!